Economicscalendar_todayLast updated: Apr 2026

What is Deflation?

/ˌdiːˈfleɪʃən/

A sustained decrease in the general price level of goods and services — the opposite of inflation. While cheaper prices sound appealing, deflation typically signals and worsens economic distress.
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Everyday Example

During deflation, people delay purchases expecting prices to fall further. If everyone does this, businesses sell less, lay off workers, and cut prices further — a self-reinforcing spiral downward.

publicReal-World Application

Japan experienced deflation for nearly two decades (1990s–2010s) following its asset bubble collapse. The "Lost Decade" became a cautionary tale studied by every major central bank.
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Did you know?

The Great Depression (1929–1933) saw US prices fall 10% per year. The deflation worsened unemployment and bank failures, turning a recession into an economic catastrophe.

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Key Insight

A little inflation is actually healthy — it encourages spending and investment. Central banks target ~2% inflation precisely because mild price rises keep economies moving forward.

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